What is a PSA Test?
The PSA test, or prostate-specific antigen test, is a simple blood test. It measures the level of PSA in your blood. PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland. Doctors use the PSA test to check for signs of prostate problems. For example, it can help find prostate cancer early. The PSA test is also called a PSA blood test. Many men get this test as part of routine prostate screening for prostate health.
Why is the PSA Test Done?
Doctors order the PSA test for several reasons. First, it helps screen for prostate cancer. Early detection can make treatment easier. Second, the test can check for other prostate issues, such as an enlarged prostate or infection. Sometimes, doctors use the PSA test to monitor men who have already had prostate cancer treatment. In these cases, it helps track if the cancer has returned. According to the CDC, PSA screening is most often recommended for men over 50 or those at higher risk.
How is the PSA Test Performed?
The PSA blood test procedure is quick and simple. A healthcare worker draws a small amount of blood from your arm. The sample goes to a lab for testing. You do not need to stay in the clinic after the test. Most people can return to normal activities right away. Usually, results are ready within a few days. Because the test is easy, many men choose to have it during a regular checkup.
Understanding PSA Test Results
PSA test results are given as a number, measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Lower numbers are usually better. However, a high PSA level does not always mean cancer. Other conditions, like an enlarged prostate or infection, can also raise PSA levels. Here is what your results might mean:
Still, only a doctor can explain what your PSA test results mean for you. Sometimes, doctors repeat the test or order other exams to get a clearer picture. According to the American Cancer Society, trends over time are often more important than a single result.
Risks and Limitations of the PSA Test
While the PSA test is helpful, it is not perfect. Sometimes, the test finds problems that are not cancer. This can lead to worry or extra tests. On the other hand, the test might miss some cancers. Because of this, doctors use the PSA test along with other exams. The CDC notes that false positives and false negatives are possible. Therefore, it is important to talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits before having the test.
Preparing for a PSA Test
Before your PSA screening, tell your doctor about any medicines you take. Some drugs can affect PSA levels. For example, certain medicines for prostate problems may lower your PSA. Also, avoid heavy exercise and sexual activity for 24 hours before the test. These activities can raise PSA levels. Your doctor will give you clear instructions to help you prepare.
Frequently Asked Questions
Conclusion and Next Steps
In summary, the PSA test is a useful tool for checking prostate health. It can help find problems early, but it is not perfect. Because results can be affected by many factors, always talk with your doctor about what your PSA test results mean. If you have questions or concerns, consult a healthcare provider to discuss if a PSA test is right for you.